{"id":266,"date":"2016-12-12T20:29:17","date_gmt":"2016-12-12T12:29:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.freesilo.com\/?p=266"},"modified":"2016-12-12T20:29:17","modified_gmt":"2016-12-12T12:29:17","slug":"linux-%e7%94%a8%e6%88%b7%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/freesilo.com\/?p=266","title":{"rendered":"linux \u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u7528\u6237\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\uff1aUID\u4e0eGID<br \/>\n\u767b\u5f55linux\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u8d26\u53f7\uff0cLinux\u4e3b\u673a\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4f60\u7684\u201c\u8d26\u53f7\u540d\u79f0\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u4ec5\u8bc6\u522bID\u3002ID\u4e0e\u8d26\u53f7\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u5b58\u653e\u5728\/etc\/passwd\u4e2d\uff0cID\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u5b58\u653e\u5728\/etc\/group<\/p>\n<p>\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406<br \/>\n\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u81f3\u5c11\u9700\u8981\u53d6\u5f97\u4e24\u4e2aID \uff08UserID\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0UID\uff09\uff0c\uff08GroupID\uff0cGID\uff09<br \/>\n\u540d\u79f0\u89e3\u6790\uff1aUserName&lt;&#8211;&gt;UID<\/p>\n<p>\u8ba4\u8bc1\u673a\u5236\uff1a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u673a\u5236shadow\uff0c\u5f71\u5b50\u53e3\u4ee4\uff0cpassword<\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u5168\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\uff1a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u5e76\u8fd0\u884c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u4ee5\u542f\u52a8\u6b64\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ec4\uff1agroup\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4 \u5b58\u653e\u7528\u6237\u53ca\u6743\u9650\u7684\u96c6\u5408<br \/>\n\u7ec4\u540d\uff1aGroupName<br \/>\n\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\uff1aGroup ID\uff0cGID<\/p>\n<p>Linux \u7528\u6237\uff1a<br \/>\n\u7528\u6237\u7c7b\u522b\uff1a<br \/>\n\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\uff1aroot 0<br \/>\n\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\uff1a\u6267\u884c\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u8fdb\u7a0b\u800c\u7279\u522b\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf 1-499<br \/>\n\u53ef\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237\uff1a500-65535<br \/>\n\u7ec4\u7c7b\u522b\uff1a<br \/>\n\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\uff1aroot\uff0c0<br \/>\n\u666e\u901a\u7ec4\uff1a<br \/>\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\uff1a1-499<br \/>\n\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff1a500-65535<\/p>\n<p>\u7ec4\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u7c7b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<br \/>\n\u7528\u6237\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u7ec4\uff1a\u7ec4\u540d\u540c\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff0c\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\uff1bhadoop \u00a0hadoop<br \/>\n\u975e\u79c1\u6709\u7ec4\uff1a<br \/>\n\u7528\u6237\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u6267\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u5176\u6240\u5ba3\u79f0\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u7ec4\uff1b<br \/>\n\u7528\u6237\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\u4e4b\u5916\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u7ec4<\/p>\n<p>Linux\u7528\u6237\u53ca\u7ec4\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<br \/>\n\u7528\u6237\u53ca\u5176\u5c5e\u6027\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\/etc\/passwd<br \/>\n\u7ec4\u53ca\u5176\u5c5e\u6027\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\/etc\/group<br \/>\n\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\/etc\/shadow<br \/>\n\u7ec4\u5bc6\u7801\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\/etc\/gshadow<\/p>\n<p>\/etc\/passwd:<br \/>\n\u7528\u6237\u540d:\u5bc6\u7801:UID:GID:GECOS:HOME:SHELL<br \/>\nroot \u00a0 : x \u00a0 \u00a0:0 \u00a0\u00a0:0 \u00a0 \u00a0:root \u00a0 \u00a0:\/root:\/bin\/bash<\/p>\n<p>\/etc\/group\uff1a<br \/>\n\u7ec4\u540d:\u5bc6\u7801:GID:\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5217\u8868<br \/>\nroot \ud83d\ude21 \u00a0 \u00a0:0 \u00a0\u00a0:<\/p>\n<p>\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>useradd [OPTION] USERNAME<br \/>\n-u UID: \u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u5b9a\u7684ID\u53f7\uff1b<br \/>\n-c &#8216;COMMENT&#8217;\uff1a\u7528\u6237GECOS\uff1b<br \/>\n-d \/path\/to\/somewhere\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u6b64\u76ee\u5f55\u4e8b\u5148\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u62a5\u51fa\u8b66\u544a\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b<br \/>\n-s \/path\/to\/shell: \u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4shell\uff0c\u53ef\u7528shell\u5e94\u8be5\u4e3a\/etc\/shells\u5f53\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5b89\u5168shell\uff1b<br \/>\n-g GrpName\u6216GID\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\uff1b\u7ec4\u5fc5\u987b\u4e8b\u5148\u5b58\u5728\uff1b<br \/>\n-r: \u521b\u5efa\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237<br \/>\n-G GrpName\u6216GID\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5c5e\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\uff1b\u7ec4\u5fc5\u987b\u4e8b\u5148\u5b58\u5728\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u547d\u4ee4\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a\/etc\/default\/useradd<br \/>\n\/etc\/login.defs<\/p>\n<p>groupadd [OPTION] GRPNAME<br \/>\n-g GID: \u6307\u5b9a\u5f53\u524d\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u7ec4\u7684ID\uff1b<br \/>\n-r: \u521b\u5efa\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4<\/p>\n<p>id [OPTION] USERNAME<br \/>\n-u: \u4ec5\u663e\u793aUID<br \/>\n-g: \u4ec5\u663e\u793aGID<\/p>\n<p>userdel [OPTION] USERNAME<br \/>\n-r: \u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>groupdel GRPNAME<\/p>\n<p>usermod<br \/>\n-u UID: \u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u5b9a\u7684ID\u53f7\uff1b<br \/>\n-c &#8216;COMMENT&#8217;\uff1a\u7528\u6237GECOS\uff1b<br \/>\n-d \/path\/to\/somewhere\uff1a\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\uff1b\u901a\u5e38\u8981\u4e0e-m\u9009\u9879\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u79fb\u52a8\u7528\u6237(\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b58\u5728)\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\uff1b<br \/>\n-s \/path\/to\/shell: \u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4shell\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684shell\uff0c\u53ef\u7528shell\u5e94\u8be5\u4e3a\/etc\/shells\u5f53\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5b89\u5168shell\uff1b<br \/>\n-g GrpName\u6216GID\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\uff1b\u7ec4\u5fc5\u987b\u4e8b\u5148\u5b58\u5728\uff1b<br \/>\n-G GrpName\u6216GID\uff1a\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5c5e\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7ec4\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6709\u7684\u7ec4\uff1b\u7ec4\u5fc5\u987b\u4e8b\u5148\u5b58\u5728\uff1b<br \/>\n\u53ef\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528-a\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u8ffd\u52a0\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\uff1b<br \/>\n-l USERNAME: \u7528\u6237\u6539\u540d\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>-L USERNAME: \u9501\u5b9a<br \/>\n-U USERNAME: \u89e3\u9501<\/p>\n<p>groupmod<br \/>\n-g GID: \u4fee\u6539\u7ec4\u7684ID\u53f7\uff1b<br \/>\n-n NEW_NAME: \u4fee\u6539\u7ec4\u540d\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>chsh USERNAME<br \/>\n-l: \u5217\u51fa\u5b89\u5168shell<br \/>\n-s SHELL: \u4fee\u6539\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9aSHELL<\/p>\n<p>Linux\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8ba4\u8bc1\u673a\u5236\uff1ashadow<br \/>\n\u901a\u8fc7\/etc\/shadow\u6587\u4ef6$\u4e2d\u4fdd\u5b58\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u7b49\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>root:$6$pOlKOsa3$aYEAl84sM6WJT2DZ\/QVCR\/Td2jZZzDmeE4RWWydjMVbC\/Z9co7FPY9ojRhlEupW5O4e2o2ZOd0Q3ZobPnfmwf.:16535:0:99999:7:::<br \/>\n\u767b\u5f55\u540d:\u5bc6\u7801:\u4e0a\u6b21\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u65f6\u95f4:\u5bc6\u7801\u6700\u77ed\u4f7f\u7528\u671f\u9650:\u5bc6\u7801\u6700\u957f\u4f7f\u7528\u671f\u9650:\u5bc6\u7801\u8b66\u544a\u533a\u95f4:\u5bc6\u7801\u975e\u6d3b\u52a8\u533a\u95f4:\u8d26\u53f7\u8fc7\u671f\u671f\u9650:\u9884\u7559<\/p>\n<p>\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\uff1a$6$txokdAcM$wF6H4gzYSP.PdRE\/c0QKDm\/Q3cE7woK8o7nZbTxUxOoF9QNJzwhlIAL\/M58C53Sy\/tPFQhWcC0W3MEmrZuHIH.<br \/>\n6\uff1a\u52a0\u5bc6\u65b9\u5f0f, sha512<br \/>\ntxokdAcM\uff1asalt<br \/>\nwF6H4gzYSP.PdRE\/c0QKDm\/Q3cE7woK8o7nZbTxUxOoF9QNJzwhlIAL\/M58C53Sy\/tPFQhWcC0W3MEmrZuHIH.\uff1a\u5bc6\u7801<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a\u201c\u5929\u201d\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u4e0a\u6b21\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u65f6\u8dddUnix\u5143\u5e74 \u00a01970 \u6240\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u5929\u6570\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>passwd\u4e24\u79cd\u5e94\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<br \/>\n\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\uff1apasswd<br \/>\n\u7ba1\u7406\u5458: passwd [USERNAME]<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;stdin: \u7528\u6cd5\u683c\u5f0f echo &#8220;PASSWORD&#8221; | passwd &#8211;stdin USERNAME<br \/>\n-l: lock\uff0c\u9501\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7<br \/>\n-u: unlock\uff0c\u89e3\u9501\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7<\/p>\n<p>gpasswd GROUPNAME:<br \/>\n\u4e3a\u7ec4\u6dfb\u52a0\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u7ec4\u5bc6\u7801\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\/etc\/gshadow\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d<\/p>\n<p>newgrp GROUPNAME: \u5207\u6362\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7ec4<br \/>\n1\u3001\u5982\u679c\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6b64\u7ec4\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u7ec4\u5bc6\u7801\uff1b<br \/>\n2\u3001\u5982\u679c\u7528\u6237\u4ee5\u6b64\u7ec4\u4e3a\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u5bc6\u7801\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>su: switch user<br \/>\n\u767b\u5f55\u5f0f\u5207\u6362\uff1a\u5b8c\u5168\u5207\u6362\uff0c\u8bfb\u53d6\u76ee\u6807\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6240\u6709\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\nsu &#8211; [USERNAME]<br \/>\nsu -l [USERNAME]<br \/>\nexit: \u9000\u51fa\u6b64\u524d\u7684\u7528\u6237<br \/>\n\u975e\u767b\u5f55\u5f0f\u5207\u6362\uff1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u76ee\u6807\u7528\u6237\u73af\u5883\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u2018<br \/>\nsu [USERNAME]<\/p>\n<p>-c &#8216;COMMAND&#8217;\uff1a<br \/>\n# su &#8211; USERNAME \u00a0-c &#8216;COMMAND&#8217;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7528\u6237\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\uff1aUID\u4e0eGID \u767b\u5f55linux\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u8d26\u53f7\uff0cLinux\u4e3b\u673a\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5&#8230;<br \/><a class=\"read-more-button\" href=\"https:\/\/freesilo.com\/?p=266\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-266","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-linux"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/freesilo.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/266","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/freesilo.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/freesilo.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/freesilo.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/freesilo.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=266"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/freesilo.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/266\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":267,"href":"https:\/\/freesilo.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/266\/revisions\/267"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/freesilo.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=266"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/freesilo.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=266"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/freesilo.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=266"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}